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Bitcoin
Bitcoin is electronic money that was made in 2009 created by Satoshi Nakamoto. The name is also associated with open source software that he designed, and also uses peer-to-peer networks without centralized storage or a single administrator where the United States Treasury calls bitcoin a decentralized currency. Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not depend on trusting major publishers. Bitcoin uses a database that is distributed and spreads to nodes of a P2P network to transaction journals and uses cryptography to provide basic security functions, such as ensuring that bitcoin can only be spent by people owning it, and should never be done more from one time.
The design of the Bitcoin allows for anonymous ownership and transfer of wealth. Bitcoin - Bitcoin can be stored on a personal computer in a wallet file format or stored by a third-party wallet service, and apart from all that Bitcoin - bitcoin can be sent over the internet to anyone who has a Bitcoin address. The peer-to-peer bitcoin topology and the lack of a single administration make it impossible for authorities, any government, to manipulate the value of bitcoin - bitcoin or cause inflation by producing more bitcoin.
Bitcoin was one of the first implementations of the so-called cryptocurrency (cryptocurrency?), First described by Wei Dai in 1998 on the cypherpunks mailing list.
Overview
Bitcoin relies on the number of transfers between public accounts using public-key cryptography. All transactions are open to the public and stored in a distributed database. To prevent double-expenditure, the network implements a distributed time server, using the idea of chaining evidence from work. The entire history of transactions has been properly stored in the database and to reduce the size of the repository, a Merkle tree was used.
Delivery
Someone who participates in the bitcoin network has a wallet that stores several critical keypairs. Public key - a public key, or address - a bitcoin address, which acts as the endpoint of sending or receiving for all payments. The associated private key only allows payment only from the user himself. The addresses do not contain any information about the owner and are generally unknown. Addresses in a human-readable format consist of random numbers and letters about 33 characters long, in semi-numeric format. Bitcoin users can have many addresses, and in fact can generate new addresses without any restrictions, because creating a new address is immediate, comparable to creating a new public / private key pair, and does not require any connection with any nodes on the network. In making single-purpose / single-use addresses - addresses can help the anonymity of that user.
Transaction
Bitcoin - bitcoin contains the current owner's public key (address). When user A sends a value to user B, A will release their ownership value by adding public key (address) B to the coins and signing it with his own private key. Then he will broadcast these bitcoins in an appropriate message, or transaction, on a peer-to-peer network. The rest of the network nodes validate the signature of the criterion and the amount of the transaction before accepting it.
Chain-block
Any transaction that is broadcast to other nodes does not immediately become official until it is recognized in a time-stamp that has been stamped from all known transactions, which is called a blockchain. This recognition comes from a system that is believed-way to prevent double expenditure and counterfeiting.
At certain times, each node that produces collects all unrecognized transactions which are known from within a candidate block, a file which among other things contains cryptographic hashes of blocks that were previously valid and also known by that node. Then the node tries to produce a cryptographic hash of the block with certain characteristics, an effort that requires a predictable value from the repetition of experiments and errors. When a node finds a solution, it will announce it to all networks. Network members will receive a new block that has been solved and validate it before accepting it, and then add it to the chain.
Finally, the block-chain contains the cryptographic history of ownership of all coins that originate from the author's address to the current owner's address. Therefore, if a user tries to reuse the coins he has spent, the network will reject the transaction.
Bitcoin Production
The Bitcoin network randomly creates and distributes batches of new bitcoins about 6 times an hour to someone who runs the software with the 'generate coins' option that has been previously chosen. Each user has the potential to receive a set by running that option, or a program that has been specialized to run on a device the user has (for example a graphics card - VGA). Generate bitcoin - bitcoin is often termed as "mining", a term that is similar to the analogy of gold mining. Regarding the probability that a user will receive a set depends very much on the computational power, he contributes to the network which is also related to the combined computational power of all nodes. The amount of bitcoin that is made in each batch is no more than 50 BTC, and along with the time the award has also been programmed to decrease to zero, there will be no more than 21 million bitcoins there. As payment is reduced, the motives of these users are expected to change to get transaction fees.
All nodes that generate from the network are competing to be the first to find a solution to a cryptographic problem regarding the candidate blocks, a problem that requires the repetition of experiments and errors. When a node finds a correct solution, it will announce it to the rest of the network and claim a set of bitcoins. Members of the network will receive the blocks that have been solved and validate them before receiving them in full and adding them to the chain. Nodes can hire their Central Processing Unit using standard clients or use other software that utilizes the power of their Graphics processing unit. Users can also produce bitcoin collectively.
Because every one block will be generated every 10 minutes, each node separately rearranges the difficulty of the problem that is tried to be solved every two weeks for every change of the overall power of the central processing unit (CPU) of the peer-to-peer network.
Transaction Fees
Because nodes do not have bonds to include transactions in every block they produce, Bitcoin senders can also voluntarily pay transaction fees. Doing so will speed up the transaction and provide incentives for users who run the node, especially when the difficulty of generating bitcoin is increased or the prize of each block decreases over time. Nodes collect transaction costs associated with all transactions entered in their candidate block.
The Economy
The economy of Bitcoin is still small compared to economies that have long been established and software is still in the beta development stage. But used goods and services, such as used cars and freelance software development contracts, can now be traded. Bitcoin - Bitcoin is accepted for both virtual and real goods services. The Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Singularity Institute accept donations through bitcoin. Currency exchangers exchange commonly used currencies (including US dollars, Russian rubble, and Japanese yen) to bitcoin through the bitcoin exchange site. [19] [own issue source?] [20] Anyone can see block-chains and observe transactions in real-time. A variety of service facilities for observing are available.
Monetary Difference
Unlike conventional fiat currencies, bitcoin is different in that there is no oversight that can control value due to its decentralized nature, reducing circulation can cause instability that is usually caused by central banks. There is also limited inflation control implemented in the Bitcoin software, but it can be predicted and known by all parties. Therefore inflation cannot be manipulated from the central to affect the redistribution of value from the general public.
Transfers are facilitated directly without using a financial processor between nodes. This type of transaction makes chargeback impossible. Bitcoin clients will broadcast transactions to neighboring nodes which will spread payments to all networks. Transactions that fail or are wrong will be rejected by honest clients. Most transactions are free of charge, but a fee can usually be paid to other nodes to prioritize transaction processing.
Over time, the total amount of bitcoin will increase to 21 million. Circulation of money is increasing as a geometric series that takes place every 4 years; it is estimated that in 2013 half of the total circulation will be successfully produced, and in 2017, 3/4 of that will be completed. As we move towards this value, bitcoin is likely to begin to experience deflation in value due to a lack of new introductions. Although Bitcoin can be divided into eight decimal places (giving 2.1 x 1015 total units), eliminating practical impropriety can cause adjustments in the value of the deflationary environment. Rather than relying on the newly created bitcoin incentive to record transactions into blocks, the nodes in this period are expected to depend on their ability to competitively collect transaction processing fees.
Results
Possible failure scenarios for Bitcoin include currency devaluation, a decline in the user base, or an entire government crackdown on stopping software operations. However, it may not be possible for "crypto-money such as bitcoin." It seems that the decentralization and anonymity contained in Bitcoin is a reaction to the United States government which executes virtual currency companies such as e-gold and Liberty Dollar. In an Irish Times newspaper investigating Danny O'Brien's article reporting "When I show people the economics of Bitcoin, they ask: 'Is this legal' They ask: 'Is this a fraud?' "I imagine that lawyers and economists are trying hard to answer both of these questions. I think you will add parliamentarians to the list as soon as possible."
In February 2011, the coverage on Slashdot and the subsequent effect of Slashdot affected the value of bitcoin and its availability from several related sites.
Legality of Use
The legality of the use of Bitcoin is changing rapidly throughout the world, some countries such as Thailand prohibit Bitcoin, the German state gives legal status and some countries like China restrict the use of bitcoin. On 6 February 2014, the Government of Indonesia stated that Bitcoin and other virtual currencies are not legal currencies or payment instruments in Indonesia. Indonesian people are advised to be careful of Bitcoin and other virtual currencies. All risks - related to ownership/use of Bitcoin are borne by the owner/user of Bitcoin and other virtual currencies.
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